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L-valine is a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA). Other branched chain amino acids are isoleucine and leucine. Valine is an aliphatic amino acid that is closely related to leucine and isoleucine both in structure and function.
As a branched-chain amino acid (BCAA), valine has been found useful in treatments involving muscle, mental, and emotional upsets, and for insomnia and nervousness. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are needed for the maintenance of muscle tissue and appear to preserve muscle stores of glycogen (a storage form of carbohydrate that can be converted into energy).
BCAAs serve as important fuel sources for skeletal muscle during periods of metabolic stress. BCAAs may promote protein synthesis, suppress protein catabolism and serve as substrates for gluconeogenesis. The BCAAs valine and leucine play an important role in stress, energy and muscle metabolism.
These two amino acids are used directly by skeletal muscle as energy sources and are thought to have anabolic properties. This means they help promote protein production, storage and muscle growth. Valine is also helpful in synthesis of glucose in liver especially during anaerobic activities (activities without proper amount of oxygen intake).
L-valine is an essential amino acid, meaning that it is not synthesized in the human body. Valine must be obtained through dietary sources, primarily meat and dairy. Good sources include beef, chicken, eggs, and cottage cheese. Some good vegetable sources of L-valine include cereal grains, mushrooms, peanuts and soybeans. The minimum daily requirement of L-valine is 10 milligrams per kilogram of body weight for adult males.
Valine deficiency results in negative hydrogen balance in the body, deterioration of muscle function and mental health, insomnia, and skin hypersensitivity.
Valine supplements should be taken together with leucine and isoleucine, the other two branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Supplemental L-Leucine should always be taken with a correct balance of the other two branched-chain amino acids, L-Isoleucine and L-valine: approximately 2 milligrams of L-Leucine for each 1 milligram of L-Valine and L-Isoleucine. A nutritional conflict might occur with L-Isoleucine and L-Valine if they are not taken in a well-balanced portion (1-to-1). Valine overdose leads to hallucination and crawling sensation on skin, headaches, and emotional agitation. People with kidney or liver disease should not consume high amounts of amino acids without consulting their doctor.
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